3B1+Bio+DNA+Essay+by+Lim+Hong+Yao(14)+and+Teo+Ming+Yi(28)

 Colour code: Hong Yao-green Ming Yi-red  DNA is an abbrieviation of Deoxyriboneucleic Acid and is a nucleic acid that is found in nuclei of cells. They are polymers that are made from monomers and each monomer is made up of 3 parts: 1)Phosphoric Acid 2)5-carbon or pentose sugar 3)Nitrogenous base-5 types but only 4 are present in DNA: Adenine(A), Thymine(T), Guanine(G) and Cytocine(C)

Each DNA is double stranded and are anti-parallel, running in opposite directions. The base pairs are very specific as they only bind with their complimentary pairs. A only binds with T and C only binds with G. They bind by means of hydrogen bonds to form a ladder-like structure, and twist round each other to form a double-helix.  

Protein synthesis is a process where the transcription and translation of DNA form proteins.The main organelles involved in this process are the polymerase, responsible for copying the DNA sequence during transcription, the mRNA, the tRNA, which is responsible for translating the bases into amino acids and making proteins with the amino acids during translation, and the ribosomes in the cytoplasm, which is responsible for linking the specified amino acids during translation.

Chromosomes are the packaging of DNA and protein found in cells. Apart from the DNA-bound proteins, chromosomes also contain many genes, regulatory elements  and other nucleotide sequences. Chromosomes are formed when genes are encoded in DNA and associated with protein. 

 References:  [|http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/_0/history_22[[http://www.biostudio.com/demo_freeman_dna_coiling.htm]